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Leila Khaled

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Leila Khaled
ليلى خالد‎
Khaled at the Beirut International Forum for Resistance, Anti-Imperialism, Solidarity between Peoples, and Alternatives, 2009
Born (1944-04-09) April 9, 1944 (age 80)
Haifa, Mandatory Palestine
OrganizationPopular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
Known forPro-Palestinian militancy
MovementArab Nationalist Movement

Leila Khaled (Arabic: ليلى خالد [ˈlajla ˈxaːled]; born April 9, 1944) is a former Palestinian militant and member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). She is famous as the first woman to hijack an airplane.[1]

Khaled gained her prominence for her role in the TWA Flight 840 hijacking in 1969 and one of the four simultaneous Dawson's Field hijackings the following year as part of the campaign of Black September in Jordan.[2] After being imprisoned, she was released in a prisoner exchange for civilian hostages kidnapped by other PFLP members.[3]

Early life

Khaled was born on April 9, 1944, in Haifa, Mandatory Palestine, to Arab parents.[4] Her family fled to Lebanon on April 13, 1948, as part of the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight,[4] leaving her father behind. At the age of 15, following in the footsteps of her brother, she joined the pan-Arab[5] Arab Nationalist Movement, originally established in the late-1940s by George Habash, then a medical student at the American University of Beirut.[6] The Palestinian branch of this movement became the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine after the 1967 Six-Day War.

Khaled spent some time teaching in Kuwait and, in her autobiography, recounted crying the day she heard that John F. Kennedy had been assassinated.[7]

The hijackings

Khaled in Damascus after her release from the United Kingdom in 1970

TWA Flight 840 (1969)

On August 29, 1969, Khaled was part of a team that hijacked TWA Flight 840 on its way from Rome to Tel Aviv, diverting the Boeing 707 to Damascus. According to some media sources,[3] the PFLP leadership thought that Yitzhak Rabin, then Israeli ambassador to the United States, would be on board; he was not. She claims she ordered the pilot to fly over Haifa, so she could see her birthplace.[8] No one was injured, but after the passengers disembarked, the hijackers blew up the nose section of the aircraft. After this hijacking, and a photograph of her (taken by Eddie Adams) holding an AK-47 rifle and wearing a kaffiyeh was reproduced in many publications, she underwent six plastic surgery operations on her nose and chin to conceal her identity and allow her to take part in a future hijacking, and because she did not want to wear the face of an icon.[9][8]

El Al Flight 219 (1970)

On September 6, 1970, Khaled and Patrick Argüello, a Nicaraguan–American, attempted to hijack El Al Flight 219 from Amsterdam to New York City as part of the Dawson's Field hijackings, a series of almost simultaneous hijackings carried out by the PFLP. Khaled and Argüello threatened to detonate grenades if they were not granted access to the cockpit. The pilots refused to comply, and instead put the plane into a nosedive. Though sources differ on the chronology of these events, in the resulting scuffle someone hit Argüello in the head with a bottle of whiskey; Argüello shot and injured a crew member and reportedly threw a grenade which did not explode towards the passengers; and sky marshals shot Argüello multiple times, mortally wounding him. The pilot diverted the aircraft to Heathrow Airport in London. An ambulance took the injured crew member and Argüello to the hospital. The crewmember survived while Argüello died in the ambulance. Khaled was arrested though later released during a hostage exchange. [10][8][11]

Later life

Khaled in Sweden in 2011

Khaled has stated in interviews that she developed a fondness for the United Kingdom when her first visitor in jail, an immigration officer, wanted to know why she had arrived in the country without a valid visa. She also developed a relationship with the two policewomen assigned to guard her in Ealing and later corresponded with them. Khaled continued to return to the UK for speaking engagements until as late as 2002, although she was refused a visa by the British embassy in 2005 to address a meeting at the Féile an Phobail in Belfast, where she was invited as a speaker. Eventually she managed to speak to people at the Belfast Féile through a video link.[12]

According to Khaled, there is not an Arab-Israeli peace process. She stated "it's a political process where the balance of forces is for the Israelis and not for us. They have all the cards to play with and the Palestinians have nothing to depend on, especially when the PLO is not united."[6] Khaled also supports the Kurdish political movement surrounding the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) and drew attention to the similar fate of the Palestinian and the Kurdish people.[13][14] She has become involved in politics, becoming a member of the Palestinian National Council and appearing regularly at the World Social Forum.[15][16][17][18]

She was married to physician Fayez Rashid (1950–2023) and lived with their two sons Bader and Bashar in Amman, Jordan.[19] She is irreligious.[4]

She was the subject of a film entitled Leila Khaled, Hijacker,[20][21] directed by Palestinian filmmaker Lina Makboul.[22][23] It premiered in November 2005 at the International Documentary Film Festival in Amsterdam.[24][25]

In November 2017, Khaled was refused entry to Rome, Italy at the Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport, and was forced to return to Amman as she is a member of a group considered a terrorist organization by the Italian government.[26]

In mid September 2020, Khaled was scheduled to speak at a virtual Zoom conference at San Francisco State University hosted by Rabab Abdulhadi and Tomomi Kinukawa. Following lobbying by the Jewish coalition group "End Jewish Hatred," Zoom Video Communications along with YouTube and Facebook, prevented the conference from using their video conferencing software and platforms, citing compliance with U.S. export control, sanctions, and anti-terrorism laws.[27][28][29]

Khaled graffiti on the Israeli West Bank barrier near Bethlehem
  • She was the subject of an artwork portrait made entirely out of lipsticks, "The Icon", created by artist Amer Shomali using 14 colors, and 3,500 lipsticks.
  • The song Like Leila Khaled Said from The Teardrop Explodes' 1981 album Wilder is a love song to Khaled. Songwriter Julian Cope said it was a love song to her "cos I thought she was so beautiful. But I know that the whole thing was like bad news."[30]
  • The second CD of Julian Cope's 2012 album Psychedelic Revolution is named "Phase of Leila Khaled" while the first CD is named "Phase of Che Guevara". The album's lyrics contain several references to political demonstrations, terrorism and suicide bombers. The accompanying booklet also contains a photo of Leila Khaled.
  • As of 2018, she is commemorated in a mural at the International Wall on the Falls Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland. The mural is based upon the photograph of her by Eddie Adams, holding an AK-47 and with the Palestine flag behind her. Her image along with an image of Irish Republican, Oglach Charlie Hughes says "Our Struggle continues".
  • The name of Sandton Drive in Johannesburg, South Africa was controversially changed to Leila Khaled Drive by vote of the city council on November 29, 2018.[31] The American consulate in Johannesburg is located on the street.[32]
  • The 10th song of the album Friværdi, released on September 26, 2005, by the Danish rock band Magtens Korridorer, is entitled "Leila Khaled".[33]
  • Writer Chris Boucher has said that he named the character of savage warrior Leela from Doctor Who after Khaled.[34]
  • Khaled is mentioned by Fun-da-mental in "Mother India", on the Love India CD (2010) widely distributed in the United States by Starbucks.[35]
  • The album Olive no Ki no Shita de, released in 2007 by the Japanese rock singer Panta, features a song entitled "Leila's Ballade". This song's lyrics were written by former Japanese Red Army member Fusako Shigenobu and her daughter Mei Shigenobu.[36] In 2012, Khaled was invited to a ceremony for the 40th anniversary of the Lod Airport massacre by a Japanese far-left group in Kyoto,[37] at which Panta performed the song in front of Khaled.[38]
  • Leila Khaled: Hijacker is a 2006 documentary about Leila Khaled by Swedish-Palestinian filmmaker Lina Makboul.[39]

References

  1. ^ Ettachfini, Leila (August 4, 2016). "'I Had to Be the Voice of Women': The First Female Hijacker Shares Her Story". VICE. Archived from the original on September 28, 2020. Retrieved September 20, 2020.
  2. ^ "Notorious Palestinian Plane Hijacker to Promote BDS in South Africa". January 7, 2015. Archived from the original on February 17, 2016. Retrieved June 27, 2024.
  3. ^ a b MacDonald, Eileen (1991). "Leila Khaled". Shoot the Women First. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-41596-3.
  4. ^ a b c Schmitt, Paula (May 17, 2014). "Interview with Leila Khaled: 'BDS is effective, but it doesn't liberate land'". +972 magazine. Archived from the original on March 12, 2016. Retrieved June 27, 2024.
  5. ^ Jansen, Michel (February 4, 2008). "Palestinian patriot". The Jordan Times. Archived from the original on June 17, 2011. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
  6. ^ a b Baum, Philip (September 5, 2000). "Leila Khaled: in her own words". Aviation Security International. Archived from the original on August 27, 2008.
  7. ^ Khaled, Leila (1973). My People Shall Live. London: Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-17380-7. Archived from the original on August 18, 2006. Retrieved July 13, 2006.
  8. ^ a b c Viner, Katharine (January 25, 2001). "I made the ring from a bullet and the pin of a hand grenade". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved June 27, 2024.
  9. ^ Moon, Timur (October 17, 2002). "Leila Khaled — hijacked by destiny". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on August 20, 2004.
  10. ^ "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 707-458 4X-ATB London-Heathrow Airport (LHR)". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved June 27, 2024.
  11. ^ "Flight crews and security". Hijacked!. PBS. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved June 27, 2024.
  12. ^ "A just solution is the way out of conflict - Leila Khaled". An Phoblacht. August 11, 2005. Retrieved June 27, 2024.
  13. ^ "Iconic liberation activist at HDP congress: Long live Palestine, long live Kurdistan!". Duvar English. February 24, 2020. Archived from the original on June 8, 2020. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  14. ^ "Leila Khaled visited HDP MPs on hunger strike in Amed". ANF News. April 15, 2019. Archived from the original on June 8, 2020. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  15. ^ "Past IPSC Events". Archived from the original on September 11, 2012.
  16. ^ Prabhala, Achal (June 2009). "The activistocracy". Infochangeindia.org. Archived from the original on February 28, 2010. Retrieved October 29, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  17. ^ "Press Conferences on the 28th of January". World Social Forum. January 20, 2005. Archived from the original on June 9, 2007. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
  18. ^ "Palestine on the table at World Social Forum in Kenya". Palestine News Network. January 24, 2007. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
  19. ^ Abdallah, Sana (July 21, 2003). "Interview: Palestinian Leila Khaled". United Press International. Archived from the original on September 3, 2006. Retrieved September 3, 2006.
  20. ^ Murphy, Maureen Clare (April 9, 2007). "Violence or nonviolence? Two documentaries reviewed". Electronic Intifada. Archived from the original on September 11, 2007. Retrieved June 27, 2024.
  21. ^ "NGO cancels movie screening about Palestinian hijacker after criticism from Israel". www.i24news.tv. Retrieved December 28, 2024.
  22. ^ Schmitt, Paula (May 17, 2014). "Interview with Leila Khaled: 'BDS is effective, but it doesn't liberate land'". +972 Magazine. Retrieved December 28, 2024.
  23. ^ Casey, Sean. "Subject Guides: Streaming Video Guides: Area Studies -- Middle East and North Africa". subjectguides.library.american.edu. Retrieved December 28, 2024.
  24. ^ "Hijacker". Leila Khaled. Archived from the original on January 15, 2016. Retrieved June 27, 2024.
  25. ^ Leila Khaled: Hijacker (2005) | MUBI. Retrieved December 28, 2024 – via mubi.com.
  26. ^ "Leila Khaled respinta a Fiumicino". Il Giornarle D'Italia (in Italian). November 29, 2017. Archived from the original on November 29, 2017. Retrieved September 28, 2020.
  27. ^ Flaherty, Colleen (September 27, 2020). "Zoom Draws a Line". Inside Higher Ed. Archived from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved June 27, 2024.
  28. ^ Greschler, Gabriel (September 22, 2020). "Zoom will not host S.F. State event featuring Leila Khaled". J. The Jewish News of Northern California. Archived from the original on September 25, 2020. Retrieved September 28, 2020.
  29. ^ Osman, Nadda (September 24, 2020). "Zoom criticised for cancelling webinar with Palestinian activist Leila Khaled". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved September 28, 2020.
  30. ^ "Wilder – The Teardrop Explodes". Archived from the original on July 16, 2004.
  31. ^ Mabotja, Kgopi (December 1, 2018). "Fight over renaming of Sandton Drive after Palestinian Leila Khaled". Independent Online. South Africa. Archived from the original on December 9, 2018. Retrieved June 27, 2024.
  32. ^ Sackstein, Howard (December 6, 2018). "The American Consulate at 1 Leila Khaled Drive?". Politicsweb. Archived from the original on December 9, 2018. Retrieved June 27, 2024.
  33. ^ "Magtens Korridorer – Leila Khaled Lyrics". Genius. Retrieved June 27, 2024.
  34. ^ Commentary track (07m09s) on original DVD release (2000) of Doctor Who's The Robots of Death
  35. ^ Tony Mitchell (2001). Global Noise: Rap and Hip Hop Outside the USA. Wesleyan University Press. p. 60. ISBN 9780819565020. Retrieved October 29, 2015. leila khaled fun -da-mental.
  36. ^ "ライラのバラード（英訳詩朗読）／PANTA-響 – 旗旗" [Lyra's Ballad (English translation poetry reading) / PANTA-Hibiki-Flag] (in Japanese). Bund.jp. Archived from the original on August 11, 2014. Retrieved August 1, 2014.
  37. ^ "（明大）中東フォーラム2012―アラブ民衆蜂起とパレスチナ解放【ライラ・ハリドさん来日】 – 旗旗" [(Meidai) Middle East Forum 2012-Arab People's Uprising and Palestine Liberation [Leila Khaled Visits Japan] – Flag Flag] (in Japanese). Bund.jp. Archived from the original on August 11, 2014. Retrieved August 1, 2014.
  38. ^ "リッダ闘争40周年 ライラハリドさん来日 パレスチナ連帯京都WeekEnd 23 – 旗旗" [40th Anniversary of the Ridda Struggle Laila Khalid Visits Japan Palestinian Solidarity Kyoto WeekEnd 23 --Flag Flag] (in Japanese). Archived from the original on April 13, 2013. Retrieved March 11, 2013.
  39. ^ Makboul, Lina (January 28, 2006), Leila Khaled: Hijacker (Documentary), Uri Bar Lev, Moshe Dayan, Shadia Abu Ghazali, Margareta Johnson, First Hand Films, Sveriges Television (SVT), Tussilago, archived from the original on October 18, 2020, retrieved February 21, 2021

Sources

Further reading

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