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List of heads of government of Liechtenstein

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A photograph of Michael Menzinger in 1845.
A photograph of Leopold Freiherr von Imhof in 1918.
A photograph of Josef Hoop in 1945.
Daniel Risch's official prime minister photograph, 2021.

The head of government of Liechtenstein (German: Regierungschef von Liechtenstein), known informally as the prime minister, is the chief executive of the Government of Liechtenstein and chairs the cabinet of Liechtenstein. They are appointed by the sovereign prince of Liechtenstein with the consent of the Landtag of Liechtenstein (parliament of Liechtenstein) and are expected to command the confidence of both the prince and the Landtag. The appointed head of government is typically the leader of the political party with the most seats in the Landtag or a coalition of parties. The head of government cannot be a member of the Landtag at the same time, although they should meet the eligibility requirements for that office.[1]

Politics of Liechtenstein
Constitution
Monarchy
Executive
Legislative
Elections
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations

The position originated as Landvogt in the 16th century. The role functioned as the head of the district office (Oberamt), subordinate to the court of House of Liechtenstein.[2] It was originally an undesired post within the court; this changed after Michael Menzinger [de] applied for the role in 1833.[3] The title was changed to governor (Landesverweser) as a concession following the Revolution of 1848 in Liechtenstein and was formalized upon the ratification of the 1862 constitution of Liechtenstein on 26 September. For this reason, Menzinger is considered the first governor of Liechtenstein.[3][4] In 1921, a new constitution was ratified in which the office was replaced by that of the prime minister.[4][5] Under this constitution, the eligibility for becoming head of government was changed to require being natural-born in Liechtenstein. However, this requirement has been considered inactive since 1992.[1][6]

The incumbent prime minister has been Daniel Risch since 25 March 2021.[7] There are currently five living former prime ministers, with Walter Kieber being the most recent death, in 2014.[8]

Head of government

[edit]

Political parties

[edit]
Further information: List of political parties in Liechtenstein

  Independent

  Progressive Citizens' Party (FBP)

  Christian-Social People's Party (VP)[a]

  Patriotic Union (VU)

State administrator (1861–1921)

[edit]

The Landesverweser (transl. State administrator), also known as 'Governor', was the title of the head of government from 1848 to 1921.[10]

List of State Administrators
No.[b] Portrait Name
(born-died) 		Term of office Cabinet Party Monarch

(Reign)

Ref(s).
Start Duration
1 A photograph of Michael Menzinger in 1845. Michael Menzinger [de]
(1792–1877) 		22 March 1833
–
15 March 1861 		28 years, 1 month — Ind Aloys II
(1836–1858) 		[3]
2 An undated photograph of Karl Freiherr Haus von Hausen. Karl Freiherr Haus von Hausen
(1823–1889) 		April 1861
–
23 September 1884 		23 years, 175 days Karl Freiherr Haus von Hausen cabinet Johann II
(1858–1929) 		[5][11]
3 A photograph of Carl von In der Maur between 1912 and 1913. Carl von In der Maur
(1852–1913) 		23 September 1884
–
5 September 1892 		7 years, 348 days First Carl von In der Maur cabinet [5][12]
4 An undated photograph of Friedrich Stellwag von Carion. Friedrich Stellwag von Carion
(1852–1896) 		5 September 1892
–
24 October 1896 † 		4 years, 49 days Friedrich Stellwag von Carion cabinet [5][13]
(3) A photograph of Carl von In der Maur between 1912 and 1913. Carl von In der Maur
(1852–1913) 		4 January 1897
–
11 December 1913 † 		16 years, 341 days Second Carl von In der Maur cabinet [5][12]
— A photograph of Josef Ospelt in 1921. Josef Ospelt
(1881–1962)
Acting 		11 December 1913
–
1 April 1914 		111 days — [14]
5 A photograph of Leopold Freiherr von Imhof in 1918. Leopold Freiherr von Imhof
(1869–1922) 		1 April 1914
–
13 November 1918 		4 years, 226 days Leopold Freiherr von Imhof cabinet [5][15]
— An undated photograph of Martin Ritter. Martin Ritter
Chairman of the Provisional Executive Committee
(1872–1947) 		7 November 1918
–
7 December 1918 		30 days Provisional Executive Committee VP [5][16]
6 Prince Karl Aloys of Liechtenstein
(1878–1955) 		13 December 1918
–
15 December 1920 		1 year, 277 days Prince Karl Aloys cabinet Ind [5][17]
7 An undated photograph of Josef Peer. Josef Peer
(1864–1925) 		15 December 1920
–
23 March 1921 		189 days Josef Peer cabinet [5][18]
8 A photograph of Josef Ospelt in 1921. Josef Ospelt
(1881–1962) 		23 March 1921
–
5 October 1921 		196 days Josef Ospelt cabinet FBP [5][14]

Prime Minister (1921–present)

[edit]

The Regierungschef (lit. 'head of government') is the current title for the head of government.[5] The office replaced that of State Administrator upon the ratification of the constitution of Liechtenstein on 5 October 1921.

List of Prime Ministers
No.[b] Portrait Name
(born–died) 		Elected Term of office Cabinet Party Monarch
(Reign) 		Ref(s).
Term Duration
1 A photograph of Josef Ospelt in 1921. Josef Ospelt
(1881–1962) 		— 5 October 1921

–

4 May 1922

211 days Josef Ospelt cabinet FBP Johann II
(1858–1929) 		[5][14]
— A photograph of Alfons Feger in 1910. Alfons Feger
(1856–1933)
Acting 		4 May 1922

–

1 June 1922

28 days — VP [5][19]
— An undated photograph of Felix Gubelmann. Felix Gubelmann
(1880–1929)
Acting 		1 June 1922
–
6 June 1922 		5 days FBP [5][20]
2 An undated photograph of Gustav Schädler. Gustav Schädler
(1883–1961) 		1922
1926 (Jan)
1926 (Apr) 		10 June 1922
–
24 June 1928 		6 years, 16 days Gustav Schädler cabinet VP [5][21]
— A photograph of Prince Alfred of Liechtenstein in 1910. Prince Alfred Roman of Liechtenstein
(1875–1930)
Acting 		— 24 June 1928
–
4 August 1928 		39 days — Ind [5][22]
3 A photograph of Josef Hoop in 1945. Josef Hoop
(1895–1959) 		1928
1930
1932
1936
1939
1945 		4 August 1928
–
3 September 1945 		17 years, 30 days I
II
III
IV 		FBP [5][22][23][24]
Franz I
(1929–1938)
Franz Josef II
(1938–1989)
4 A photograph of Alexander Frick in 1954. Alexander Frick
(1910–1991) 		1949
1953 (Feb)
1953 (Jun)
1957
1958

1962

3 September 1945
–
16 July 1962 		16 years, 316 days I
II
III 		[5][25]
5 A photograph of Gerard Batliner between 1962 and 1970. Gerard Batliner
(1928–2008) 		1966 16 July 1962
–
18 March 1970 		7 years, 245 days I
II
III 		[5][26][27]
6 A photograph of Alfred Hilbe in 1974. Alfred Hilbe
(1928–2011) 		1970 18 March 1970
–
27 March 1974 		4 years, 9 days Alfred Hilbe Cabinet VU [5][28][29]
7 A photograph of Walter Kieber in 1975. Walter Kieber
(1931–2014) 		1974 27 March 1974
–
26 April 1978 		4 years, 30 days Walter Kieber cabinet FBP [5][30][31]
8 A photograph of Hans Brunhart in 1991. Hans Brunhart
(born 1945) 		1978
1982
1986
1989 		26 April 1978
–
26 May 1993 		15 years, 30 days I
II
III
IV 		VU [5][32][33]
9 Markus Büchel
(1959–2013) 		1993 (Feb) 26 May 1993
–
15 December 1993 		203 days Markus Büchel cabinet FBP Hans-Adam II
(1989–present) 		[5][34][35]
10 Mario Frick
(born 1965) 		1993 (Oct)
1997 		15 December 1993
–
5 April 2001 		7 years, 111 days I
II 		VU [5][36][37]
11 Otmar Hasler's official prime minister photograph, between 2001 and 2009. Otmar Hasler
(born 1953) 		2001
2005 		5 April 2001
–
25 March 2009 		7 years, 354 days I
II 		FBP [5][38][39]
12 Klaus Tschütscher's official prime minister photograph, 2009. Klaus Tschütscher
(born 1967) 		2009 25 March 2009
–
27 March 2013 		4 years, 2 days Klaus Tschütscher cabinet VU [5][39]
13 Adrian Hasler's official prime minister photograph, 2017. Adrian Hasler
(born 1964) 		2013
2017 		27 March 2013
–
25 March 2021 		7 years, 363 days I
II 		FBP [5][40]
14 Daniel Risch's official prime minister photograph, 2021. Daniel Risch
(born 1978) 		2021 25 March 2021 3 years, 278 days Daniel Risch cabinet VU [5][41]
  1. ^ The VP and Liechtenstein Homeland Service merged to form the Patriotic Union in 1936.[9]
  2. ^ a b People are numbered according to periods served by the same person. For example, Carl von In der Maur served as state administrator twice in two non-consecutive terms, but is counted only once.

Deputy head of government

[edit]

The deputy head of government is the secondary chief executive in Liechtenstein.[5] One of the cabinet ministers is appointed to this position by the prince of Liechtenstein upon the proposal of the Landtag of Liechtenstein.[1]

List of Deputy Prime Ministers
No. Portrait Name
(born–died) 		Party Took office Duration Prime Minister Ref(s).
1 A photograph of Alfons Feger in 1908.
Alfons Feger
(1856–1933)
VP
2 March 1922

–

24 June 1928
 7 years, 114 days
Josef Ospelt
FBP
[5]
Himself
Acting Prime Minister
VP
Felix Gubelmann
Acting Prime Minister
FBP
Gustav Schädler
VP
—
Vacant
(24 June–4 August 1928)
Prince Alfred Roman of Liechtenstein
Acting Prime Minister
Ind
2 A photograph of Ludwig Marxer in 1938.
Ludwig Marxer
(1897–1962)
FBP
4 August 1928

–

20 June 1933
4 years, 320 days
Josef Hoop
FBP
3 A photograph of Anton Frommelt in 1938.
Anton Frommelt
(1895–1975)
20 June 1933

–

30 March 1938
4 years, 283 days
4 A photograph of Alois Vogt in 1945.
Alois Vogt
(1906–1988)
VU
30 March 1938

–

3 September 1945
7 years, 157 days
5 A photograph of Ferdinand Nigg in 1925.
Ferdinand Nigg
(1893–1957)
3 September 1945

–

13 July 1957 †
11 years, 313 days
Alexander Frick
6 Josef Büchel
(1910–1991)
13 July 1957

–

16 June 1965
7 years, 338 days
Gerard Batliner
7 A photograph of Alfred Hilbe in 1965. Alfred Hilbe
(1928–2011)
16 June 1965

–

18 March 1970
4 years, 275 days
8 A photograph of Walter Kieber in 1975.
Walter Kieber
(1931–2014)
FBP
18 March 1970

–

27 March 1974
4 years, 9 days
Alfred Hilbe
VU
9 A photograph of Hans Brunhart in 1991.
Hans Brunhart
(born 1945)
 VU
27 March 1974

–

26 April 1978
4 years, 30 days
Walter Kieber
FBP
(8)
A photograph of Walter Kieber in 1975.
Walter Kieber
(1931–2014)
 FBP
26 April 1978

–

1 July 1980
2 years, 66 days
Hans Brunhart
VU
10
Hilmar Ospelt
(1929–2020)
1 July 1980

–

2 February 1986
5 years, 216 days
11 A photograph of Herbert Wille in 1991.
Herbert Wille
(born 1944)
2 February 1986

–

26 May 1993
7 years, 113 days
12
Mario Frick
(born 1965)
VU
26 May 1993

–

15 December 1993
203 days
Markus Büchel
FBP
13
Thomas Büchel
(born 1952)
FBP
15 December 1993

–

9 April 1997
3 years, 115 days
Mario Frick
VU
14
Michael Ritter
(born 1957)
VU
9 April 1997

–

5 April 2001
3 years, 361 days
15 A photograph of Rita Kieber-Beck in 2006.
Rita Kieber-Beck
(born 1958)
FBP
5 April 2001

–

21 April 2005
4 years, 16 days
Otmar Hasler
FBP
16 Klaus Tschütscher's official prime minister photograph, 2009.
Klaus Tschütscher
(born 1967)
VU
21 April 2005

–

25 March 2009
3 years, 338 days
17 A photograph of Martin Meyer in 2011.
Martin Meyer
(born 1972)
FBP
25 March 2009

–

27 March 2013
4 years, 2 days
Klaus Tschütscher
VU
18 A photograph of Thomas Zwiefelhofer in 2013.
Thomas Zwiefelhofer
(born 1969)
VU
27 March 2013

–

30 March 2017
4 years, 3 days
Adrian Hasler
FBP
19 A photograph of Daniel Risch in 2017.
Daniel Risch
(born 1978)
30 March 2017

–

25 March 2021
3 years, 360 days
20 A photograph of Sabine Monauni in 2024.
Sabine Monauni
(born 1974)
FBP
25 March 2021
3 years, 278 days
Daniel Risch
VU

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c "Liechtenstein 1921 (rev. 2011)". Constitute. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
  2. ^ Vogt, Paul (31 December 2011). "Oberamt". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). Archived from the original on 21 July 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  3. ^ a b c Burmeister, Karl Heinz (31 December 2011). "Menzinger, Johann Michael". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). Archived from the original on 25 October 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  4. ^ a b Wille, Herbert (31 December 2011). "Verfassung". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). Archived from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad "Mitglieder der Regierung des Fürstentums Liechtenstein 1862-2021" (PDF). www.regierung.li. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 February 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  6. ^ "Constitution of the Principality of Liechtenstein". European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission). Strasbourg. 27 November 2002 [5 October 1921]. p. 22. Archived from the original on 11 February 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  7. ^ "New Government Sworn In". liechtensteinusa.org. Embassy of the Principality of Liechtenstein in Washington D.C. 26 March 2021. Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  8. ^ "Alt-Regierungschef Kieber mit 83 gestorben". Liechtensteiner Volksblatt (in German). 23 June 2014. Archived from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  9. ^ Marxer, Wilfried (31 December 2011). "Christlich-soziale Volkspartei (VP)". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  10. ^ "Mitglieder der Regierung des Fürstentums Liechtenstein 1862-2021" (PDF). www.regierung.li. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 February 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  11. ^ Biedermann, Klaus (31 December 2011). "Haus von Hausen, Karl Freiherr". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  12. ^ a b Burmeister, Karl Heinz (31 December 2011). "In der Maur auf Strelburg und zu Freifeld, Karl von". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  13. ^ Wanger, Harald (31 December 2011). "Stellwag by Carion, Friedrich". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). Retrieved 12 February 2024.
  14. ^ a b c Quaderer, Rupert (31 December 2011). "Ospelt, Josef". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  15. ^ Quaderer, Rupert (31 December 2011). "Imhof, Leopold Baron von". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  16. ^ Quaderer, Rupert (31 December 2011). "Ritter, Martin". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). Retrieved 12 November 2011.
  17. ^ Wanger, Harald (31 December 2011). "Liechtenstein, Karl von (1878–1955)". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  18. ^ Quaderer, Rupert (31 December 2011). "Peer, Josef". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  19. ^ Franz, Näscher (31 December 2011). "Feger, Alphonse (1856–1933)". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). Retrieved 13 August 2023.
  20. ^ Büchel, Donat (31 January 2011). "Gubelmann, Felix". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). Retrieved 16 August 2023.
  21. ^ Quaderer, Rupert (31 December 2011). "Schädler, Gustav". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  22. ^ a b Wanger, Harald (31 December 2011). "Liechtenstein, Alfred von (1875–1930)". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  23. ^ "Gröffnungsiikung des Landtages am Gamstag". Liechtensteiner Volksblatt (in German). 7 August 1928. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
  24. ^ "Liechtenstein Gets New Chief". The New York Times. 4 September 1945. p. 12. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  25. ^ Frommelt, Fabian (31 December 2011). "Frick, Alexander". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  26. ^ "Batliner, Gerard". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). 31 December 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  27. ^ Milan 2009, p. 4.
  28. ^ "Hilbe, Alfred". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein. 31 December 2011. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  29. ^ "Heute: Vereidigung der neuen Regierung". Liechtensteiner Volksblatt (in German). 18 March 1970. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  30. ^ "Kieber, Walter (1931–2014)". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). 30 August 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  31. ^ "S. D. Fürst Franz Josef II: Meine Rede richtet sich an das liechtensteinische Volk". Liechtensteiner Volksblatt (in German). 28 March 1974. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  32. ^ "Brunhart, Hans". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). 31 December 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  33. ^ "Wahl der neuen Regierung". Liechtensteiner Volksblatt (in German). 27 April 1978. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  34. ^ "Büchel, Markus (1959–2013)". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). 31 July 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  35. ^ "Alles daran setzen, dass Liechtenstein neue Stabilität erlangt". Liechtensteiner Volksblatt (in German). 26 May 1993. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  36. ^ "Frick, Mario". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). 31 December 2023. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  37. ^ "Heute: Wahl der Regierung". Liechtensteiner Volksblatt (in German). 15 December 1993. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  38. ^ "Hasler, Otmar". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). 31 December 2011. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
  39. ^ a b "Zusammenarbeit besiegelt". Liechtensteiner Volksblatt (in German). 25 March 2009. p. 1. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  40. ^ "Koalition statt Ko-Opposition: FBP und VU für Ende der Parteipolitik". Liechtensteiner Volksblatt (in German). 27 March 2013. p. 1. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  41. ^ "New Government Sworn In". liechtensteinusa.org. Embassy of the Principality of Liechtenstein in Washington D.C. 26 March 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2022.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Vogt, Paul (1987). 125 Jahre Landtag (in German). Vaduz: Landtag of the Principality of Liechtenstein.
  • Milan, Georg (2009). Fürstlicher Justizrat Gerard Batliner 1928-2008 (in German). Vaduz: Jahrbuch des Historischen Vereins für das Fürstentum Liechtenstein.
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